Different Areas of Construction Technology - Term Paper Example

Title: Different areas of Construction Technology Dated: March 15, 2009 1. Introduction: In architecture, engineering, real estate development and construction fields the word building may refer to any man made structure used for supporting or sheltering with occupancy or an act of construction that may lead to the development of a structure called as the building. The technical feasibility studies for the construction of buildings are conducted with the application of emerging wireless network technologies (1). These studies provide a roadmap for the overall plan along with the relevant details regarding site selection for the buildings by considering topography of the location, possible constraints as associated with the site and their probable solutions with the adoption of appropriate technology for the ratification of the constraints, the nature of the temporary and false work required at the site ,construction of retaining walls if required and the procedures which have to be adopted for the ground stabilization for the building construction(2). The second major step for the building construction is the designing stage for all the substructures including for the basement area, preparation of foundation solutions for multi storey buildings like for a building of twenty four stories .These designs are prepared and approved by the professionals of the building and the engineering departments .The designs are drafted by the experts and their appraisal is completed on the basis of the principles of structural designs. All other related issues including the details about the connections like bolted, welded and bonded are recorded for their completion at the appropriate time during the construction of the buildings. The details like application of the simple frames, reinforcement of materials and designs, fire protection strategies with implementation plans, claddings for the building as to protect the same from adverse environmental effects, the probable effects of the climate factors and the details about the design and integration of environmental factors are taken into consideration by the designers as well as by the executing authorities relating to the building construction plans for both the single and multi storey buildings. The following diagram will illustrate the position: (MIT Stata Center made of metal) The supply of materials with required standards is a critical factor in the whole process of building construction and the quality of the work done is also regulated through the use of materials for the construction purposes of the buildings. The construction companies are paying special attention on the issue of selection of desired materials, their storage with proper inventory record and utilization status of the purchased material for the construction of the building within specific time period. The roofs of the buildings are the upper most coverings which protect the buildings from the external hazardous environmental conditions and fro the effects of the weather. The structures that require roofs for their completion include stadiums, dwellings, multi storied buildings and other similar structures. The materials for the protection of the roofs are selected by the construction companies on the basis of their specific requirements as protect the buildings from the external physical threats and to maintain the quality of the buildings through the roofs protection(3). The construction of buildings are executed by a group of technical and administrative human capital with the use of raw material as to construct the buildings with the use of resources as on optimum basis with the result of a value added product in the shape of buildings. The experts are struggling for the development of strategies and plans so as to make maximum profits with the utilization of their technical and managerial skills in a specific time period at a location called as the site of the building. The adoption of international standards, use of quality materials and observance of codes and bi laws relating to buildings are the key steps which contribute in the shape of enhanced quality and durability of the buildings. All the stakeholders in the buildings construction are working in a coordinated fashion so as to achieve the desired standards with the use of suitable material both for the structures and the roofs, the adoption of the construction procedures with all their necessary details for enhancing the durability of the buildings. 2. Site conditions and constraints for the buildings construction The buildings are constructed at a particular place called as site for the building. The selections of the site are selected by a team of technical personals depending on the requirements and special interests of the owners of the building. The sites are determined on the basis of objectives and targets of the owners as an associated with the specific site for the building. The site for the multistoried buildings is selected on the basis of external conditions as are associated with the building. Multistoried buildings are constructed in the inner city places of the urban centers so as to provide maximum facilities to the occupants of the buildings in the shape of low economic cost, easy accessibility to other urban centers like markets, shopping plazas, government and semi government offices and continuous supply of essential inputs like water, electricity, road networks and hygienic disposal of wastes in environmental friendly mechanisms (4). The reuse of building plots filled with the old building materials can be used as site of the building for taking necessary steps like removal of the old remains of the buildings, surface leveling and testing for making the site as compact and sound for the construction of purposed building structures. Such type of activities is performed by the engineering branch of the building construction companies with the assistance of civil departments. Temporary and false works are carried out prior to the inaction of the building structures for the provision of back up support to the staff associated with the construction of the buildings. Retaining walls and stabilization structures are constructed on the basis of location and topography of the building sites for strengthening the basis and durability of the buildings. All these structures are constructed on the basis of building design so as to make the structures stable and strengthened the building structure. The building designs are based on the architectural, technical and engineering applications relating to the designs of the buildings. These designs are formulated with the assistance of the building designers, draftspersons, the architectures and the construction contractors as to fit the architectural and designing requirements of the buildings. 3. Substructure design and basement Substructure designs and basements are formulated in consultation with the engineering and geological experts as associated with the buildings construction companies. The substructures for the multistoried buildings are designed in such a mechanism so as to provide a basic strength to the overall future buildings on durable basis. The substructures are designed in a mechanism that the same may provide a safe foundation for the overall building and to withstand against catastrophes and earthquakes at a high magnitudes. The foundations of the multistoried building are designed on the basis of the relevant reports relating to the ground water of the site. The alterations and changes are recommended for the multistoried buildings if there is high ground water level in such a mechanism that to provide a safe foundation to the overall building(5). Site investigations are conducted to deduct seismic hazards if exist at the specific site of the building so as to adjust structural changes in the designs of the foundations and substructures with the active monitoring and evaluation of the buildings. Fabrication methods for the substructure designs and basement are first drafted on the paper as on the basis of theoretical diagrams and than translated into reality with the use of connections, copper wires system and electronic coding and de coding procedures. The lines of inter connections are designed in the form of circuits in such mechanism so as to develop a complete network of fabrication methods for facilitating the building structure as located in the basements and substructures to facilitate the overall multistoried buildings on regular and secure basis. 4. Superstructures Superstructures for the multistoried buildings are in the shape of an upward extension of an already existing structure above the baseline. These are constructed in the physical shapes with the help of materials, both natural and synthetic, for the desired height of the buildings. The natural materials as used in the superstructures are mainly in the processed form as to fit in the components of the building and help in the completion of the building. The synthetic and physical materials include a wide range of substances as made from wood, fiber, bricks, metals including from steel, iron, aluminum and a wide variety of alloys. All these materials are used in the buildings in the form of their finished products for the completion of the super structures (6). The building designs are drafted in such a mechanism that their replication is materialized on the fulfillment of relevant physical principals. The erection of the superstructure is subject to observance angels, edges, shades and other related hanging structures of the buildings. Connections including bolted, welded and bonded are applied for strengthening the metallic plates as used in the construction process. The buildings are provided with fire safety strategy and plan so as to protect the building from any future fire incident. A blue print of the fire safety plan is displayed at each floor of the multistoried building with multiple exit points. The walls of the buildings are covered with the use of suitable cladding techniques so as to protect the building from climatic and weather adverse conditions and to make the buildings durable and good looking with the use of cladding techniques. The environmental friendly technologies including bi degradable packing materials are used for the construction of buildings so as to make the building environmental friendly in their nature. The designing of the building, selection of materials, and execution of the overall plan, cladding techniques, fire safety management plans and environmental friendly technologies are used in a coordinated and systematic pattern for the construction of superstructures of the buildings. 5. Roofs A roof is the covering as located on the upper most part of the building so as to provide protection and safety to overall structure of the building from the adverse effects of weather and other climatic conditions. The materials selected for the construction of roofs depend upon the external designing of the building, its location in geographical terms and height of the overall structure of the building. The characteristic of the roof depends upon the purpose of the building with all its structures, the materials as used during the construction process, architectural plan and designs on the basis of the overall design of the building as approved by the concerned local authorities as in accordance with the national and international building codes and procedures for the building construction. A building code is a set of rules that includes the minimum acceptable level of security and safety for the constructed buildings for the overall benefit for all the stakeholders. The major purpose of the building codes is to ensure public health, safety and general welfare as through the observance of building rules and procedures and the resultant structure is in the shape of a constructed building. These codes are the guiding principles and procedures for the construction of a sound and secure physical as in the form of buildings through the relevant provisions of the building codes and if enacted by the appropriate law making authority, these building codes take the shape of a law for a particular jurisdiction in a specific area for their observance. The roofs of the buildings are constructed with the use of suitable material for a specific purpose so as to provide protection, safety and physical vertical boundaries for the buildings through architectural designs. The durability of the buildings as well as roofs depends upon the quality of the material with its quantities and varieties for enhancing the physical strength of the individual segments of the overall structure of the buildings. The design of the roofs depends upon the climatic conditions area, geographic location of the building and annual rainfall in the area. The performance of the roofing systems depends upon the observance of the building’s rules and procedures as formulated by the concerned national and international agencies dealing with building laws and regulations so as to meet the legal obligations related to the building constructions. For example the roof of a library in Sweden is sloppy in nature and constructed with the use of natural and synthetic material so as to provide a slope for the flow of external agents like snow and rain water in smooth flow form. The following diagram will illustrate the position in more elaborative form as the design of the roof plays for the overall structure of the roof. The materials used for the construction of the roof structure are selected for their specific functions as to provide roof structures with low weights, sloppy out look and protection to overall structure of the building. The construction of a roof is determined the methods of support as provided to the roof structure and how the underneath space is bridged with the use of suitable structures and components of the buildings. Most of the architectural designs are formulated by the domestic architectures for ensuring the role of the roof structures with the adoption of suitable roof systems. The durability of the roof systems depend on the design of the roof structures, materials used both in the overall structure of the building as well as that of the roofs during its construction and the plans as adopted for the completion of the roofs so as to provide proper supporting structure for the roof to stand by there in sustainable and stable format. The roof structure is generally supported upon walls through a set of roofing systems so as to enhance the role of the roof as to provide safety to the overall roofing structure as in accordance with the architectural plans as used for the construction of the roofs. The roofs through their designs, plans and the use of materials are providing a safety to the parts of the building through their specific roofing systems as adopted by the architects for the construction of the buildings. 6. References: 1. Robert Roskind (2000). Building Your Own House. Ten Speed Press. p. 353. http://books.google.com/books?id=Q3QCV5wzmJoC. Retrieved on 2009-03-14 2. Taunton Press Staff (1997). Roofing. Taunton Press. p. 11. http://books.google.com/books?id=VFTkJrl3WEEC&pg=PA11&dq=. Retrieved on 2009-03-14. 3. Francis Ching; Building Construction Illustrated, Visual Dictionary of Architecture, Architecture: Form, Space, and Order. 4. Sandermann, W. and Kohler, R. (1964) Studies on mineral-bonded wood materials. IV. A short test of the aptitudes of woods for cement-bonded materials. Holzforschung 18, 53:59. 5. Weatherwax, R.C. and Tarkow, H. (1964) Effect of wood on setting of Portland cement. For. Prod. J. 14(12), 567-570. 6. Hong, Z. and Lee, A.W.C. (1986) Compressive strength of cylindrical samples as an indicator of wood- cement compatibility. For. Prod. J. 36(11/12), 87-90. Read More