Hypothetical Relation between Gender, Age and Crime Rate in the United Kingdom - Term Paper Example

Report showing Hypothetical relation between Gender, Age and Crime Rate in UK Name: Course: Tutor: Date: Abstract This paper contains the analysis of the hypothetical relationship between genders, age and crime rate in UK. It shows a brief historical explanation of the statistical findings in the UK. The statistical findings were obtained from the home office data and the UK statistical authorities. The hypothesis for the questions that were framed on the questionnaire includes; the most probable people to be involved in committing crimes are men. The age group that could be active in committing crimes is between the ages of 19 to 35 years. The questions framed on the questionnaire were well answered by about 80% of the people who were given the forms. 20% of the people who were issued with the forms ignored some questions while others left the questionnaires unanswered. From the findings in this survey, there are majority of men who are involved in committing crimes of different types than women the youths are greatly involved in juvenile crimes and violence in most cities in the UK. One of the methods that are employed to reduce the crime rate is the citation of curfews. Content page Introduction ……………………………………..3 Crime rate according to age……………………...3,4 Types of crimes…………………………………..5 Crime report………………………………………6 Mean median, mode and standard deviation……...6-7 Solutions to criminology………………………….8-9 Conclusion and suggestion……………………….10 Introduction Crime rate has been the major topic in UK in the recent years because it has affected most people. There are various types of crimes that are committed by people of different age groups. Majority of these people who commit such crimes are the young adults. Most crimes are committed through homicide which involves taking away ones life while others are through drug abuse. The national leaders are working hard to implement and enforce certain laws to control youth crimes. Their effort in recent years has been successful though the crime rate is still very high. The ultimate aim of this report is to explain the crimes committed according to the age and gender, outline the types of crimes that are highly committed, highlight the mean, median, mode and standard deviation of crime rates as well as explaining the recommended solutions for the crimes. Crime rate according to age Through the field survey, we realized that there are many types of crimes that have been committed in the past 10 years. Most of them were committed by the young people (British Crime Survey, p30). These get involved in committing crime through robbing, theft, vandalism and many other crimes. Male The average age of the men is calculated by taking the age multiplying by the percentage. The total is then divided by the total sum of percentage average age. Average=264/10.7=24.49 the mode is 20 while the median is 35 as seen in the table above. The standard deviation is calculated using the formula; The result is 29.5. Female The average is calculated the same way the men’s average was done and the result is; Average = 46/1.63 = 27.92 The mode is 15 while the median is 35 as observed above. S.D = = 903 – 27.87 = 29.6 From the observation above, it is clear that men are highly involved in criminal offense than women. Majority of the crimes are committed by men of around 20 years as suggested by the mode. The ladies of ages 15 are the highest rated women in criminal actions (mode). The observation also shows that the crime rate goes up between the ages 10 to 20 in men and 10 to 15 in women. This shows that more men participate in such actions than women. Types of crimes committed Majority of these crimes are theft of vehicles, bicycles, motorcycles and household properties. Others include vandalism of vehicles, robbery with violence, and assault with minor and major injuries as well as mugging. Most of these crimes are committed by homicide where by the young men get involved in taking away other people’s lives before taking what they want. Crime by homicide is highly reported in regions of Wales and England. Another crime highly committed is the drug use that is mostly reported on young men. Most of them get engaged in taking drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, marijuana, amphetamines, heroine, overuse of methadone and LSD. Cannabis is the most used of all the drugs by men. The youths who are mostly involved in such drugs are of ages 16 to 24. The statistics also shows that majority of the offenders are the students most probably from colleges and universities. They normally commit these crimes because they need money but they do not have a reliable source since most of them are not employed and they cannot be given money by their parents to use in useless activities that most of them get engaged. It should as well be noted that the findings from the questionnaire showed that most of these crimes are committed at night especially theft, robbery with violence and mugging (British Crime Survey, p27). This is because most people are asleep during the night thus it is quite hard for the criminals to be caught at such time when there is total darkness. During the day, many people are awake and busy with their activities and therefore it is hard to steal from them. Moreover, it is very easy to catch a person stealing in a broad daylight than at night. Crime report According to the data acquired during this survey, there are different types of crimes committed by the young men and they are ranked from the most committed one to the least committed. The crime that was highly committed is harassment and mistreatment of people which accounted for The 2003/4 percentage crime rates in England and Wales’ regions About 40% of the total crimes committed. This is then followed by theft from a motor vehicle, burglary in a dwelling, motor vehicle theft and robbery (Neighborhood statistics, p4). Mean, median, mode and standard deviation of crime rates Another very important point that was discovered during the survey process is that the trend of crime rate was an increase at some point but then it decreased towards the end of 2007/08 period as seen in the results of the 1999 to 2010 records on person and property crimes. In the period of 1999/2000 for example, the total number of offences recorded was 51.09 (thousands). In 2007/08 period the crime rate had reduced to 49.51 (thousands) showing a decrease. In the 2009/2010 period however, the number of offences recorded was an average of 43.39 (thousands). Mean= total recorded crime rates of 10 years/11 (the number of years; 2000-2010) Mean=58.60/11(thousands) Mean=48.45 (thousands) Mode=50.00 (thousands) Median= 60.14+56.38/2 median= 58.26 (thousands) This shows that there was a general decrease trend. The average crime rate as seen from 2000 to 2010 is 48.45 (thousands). The period that had the highest crime rate was 2002/3 while the year with the lowest crime rate was 2009/10. The median crime rate was found to be 58.26 (thousands). The table with all this results is as shown below; ales, Recorded crime Year Total recorded violence against the person (000s) Number of violence against the person offences per 100,000 population Total recorded property crime (000s) Number of property crime offences per 100,000 population Total recorded offences against vehicles1 (000s) Number of offences against vehicles per 100,000 population Total recorded offences (000s)             1998/99 503 963 4,304 8,243 1,126 2,156 5,109 1999/00 581 1,108 4,411 8,413 1,100 2,099 5,301 2000/01 601 1,140 4,261 8,087 1,031 1,957 5,171 2001/02 650 1,228 4,525 8,547 1,064 2,010 5,525                 2002/03 845 1,603 4,753 9,010 1,075 2,050 5,975 2003/04 967 1,821 4,671 8,785 985 1,865 6,014 2004/05 1,048 1,960 4,226 7,896 820 1,543 5,638 2005/06 1,060 1,970 4,081 7,590 793 1,485 5,555 2006/07 1,046 1,928 3,953 7,300 765 1,424 5,428 2007/08 961 1,760 3,553 6,528 656 1,215 4,951 2008/09 903 1,642 3,353 6,124 592 1,088 4,703 2009/10 872 1,574 3,032 5,500 495 904 4,339                 The S.D (standard deviation) can be worked out using the formula; therefore the standard deviation of the crime rate of this period is 3.842. The decrease in the crime rate is as a result of the efforts that are shown by many anti-criminal organizations that are doing their best to come up with the best solutions that will ensure crime rate comes to zero in future. Some of these organizations include the British crime surveyors, the offending, crime and justice surveyors, the national statisticians of crime statistics, the youth justice system, the organization of crime in England and Wales and the police bodies all over the United Kingdom. Their main objective is to fight crime and that is what they are doing. Their efforts are as well seen since the records show some decrease in the crime rate (British Crime Survey, p34). For example, the British crime surveys provides measures of self reported offending, it shows the prevalence offending trend, it shows the indicators of offend repeating, it provides the prevalence and frequency of alcohol and drug use trends, it also provides the evidence of risk factors that are similar to drug use and offending as well as giving information of committed offence’ nature. However, there is still more to be done in order to ensure the crime rate is fully on the control. There are several solutions to the crime rate that need to be implemented by these organizations. Solutions to criminology To begin with, it should be clear that there is more action to be undertaken more than just hot spotting with map information. The map information gives the overview of the harassments that people in a location may be facing. Some actions such as working with the public, gazetteer management and predictive analysis can be employed. In fact, these works hand in hand with the hot spotting method that employs map information. The information acquired can be confirmed by the public when working together and this can help in managing the criminology policies. Working with the public can be done through using the workshops where the attendees will be able to learn more about the measures to be taken to reduce crime. Secondly, there is the implementation of geographically weighted regression. This is a very good statistical modeling technique which contains independent variables that can be related to the physical and social environment of a certain area and provide a parameter estimation modeling that links independent variables to the dependent variables (Publication Hub, p13). The problem with this mode is that it assumes the process to be constant over space meaning that one model fits all the processes. To fix this problem, the model was modified and now it can allow modeling of processes that vary over space. This method in now very efficient and should be implemented by these organizations to fight crime. One very important point to be considered is the implementation of safer transport for the cities in UK through mapping, partnership and analysis. This can help in covering crime and disorder data by the police. This is also helpful in minimizing the anti-social behaviors. The safer transport mode is able to give a good explanation on spatial analysis of transport disorder and crime as well as the crime mapping which has greatly influenced the British transport police (BTP) and the metropolitan police service (MPS)of different cities in UK. It is able to influence the police wardens to identify the hotspots that are mostly used by the criminals. SMART-CaT is a proactive intelligence and a crime analysis tool that has greatly helped the police to capture the criminals and thus should be adapted by all the police wardens of the UK who should as well coordinate to eliminate crime. The partnership deal of the different departments of police from one nation as well with the other nations is able to improve the crime and disorder information management, encourage local accountability and problem solving in police partners, develop new systems of tackling offenders and ensuring safety in public transport and lastly the partnership method is as well capable of making the police forces perform effectively and efficiently. The use of agent based modeling simulation for understanding crime events is another very crucial point. This uses the modeling software to integrate the information systems of a geographical area helping the police and other people to understand the dynamics of crime event that are being organized in their geographical environment (Publication Hub, p21). This class of modeling simulation contains information that helps the user to know the basics of the modeling simulation, the crime research simulation potential as well as knowing the software itself and the skills of using it. Therefore this modeling simulation is user friendly equipment that can be used by everybody to notice the planned events of the criminals in the area. The other most important solutions to criminology include the setting of the micro-scale crime pattern analysis in urban street networks, innovation in burglary analysis which involves combination of the timing of burglary, target hardening and intelligence on the geography to inform the resource allocation. Lastly, after recognizing the hotspots through the use of SMART CaT tool, there is the targeting of these hotspots by the use of the west midlands fire brigade. By the way, when it comes to the punishing of the criminals, there should be a consideration of the age, gender and the type of crime done. Children for example should not be given the same punishment as adults and the women should not as well be punished as it is done to the men. Murderous and robbers should be punished differently from the other offenders of small crimes. Conclusion Most of the crimes are committed by the men of ages 25 to 35. This is exactly what was found during the survey that was carried out using the questionnaire method. The crimes are mostly committed in the evenings and during the nights. This is because the robbers and the criminals prefer the darkness to light. Besides, this is the best time for them since most people are asleep at night. The statistics also shows that there is a decrease in the crime rate since the year 2007. This is through the efforts of different organizations such the British Criminal survey who are working extra hard to come up with permanent solutions to the crime rates that are still very high. The organizations have employed sets of solutions to the criminology but they still have to do more. In general, the report is clear that the men are the highest criminals who prefer darkness to light. Most of them are youths who are idle or who are not employed thus looking for a way forward. Crime rate has gone down in comparison to what was observed in early 2000 and the following years. This can still be minimized further if the concerned bodies will implement the acquired solutions from the survey report. Suggestion My suggestion is that the children should be brought up in a disciplined manner so that they do not get involved in criminal actions when they become teenagers and youths. Any criminal caught in action should be killed on the spot in order for the others to fear and stop the criminal actions. Bibliography British Crime Survey (2010). Crime in England and Wales. UK. Publication Hub, (2009). Victims of Crime. UK National statistics. Neighborhood statistics, (2004). Using graphs to understand patterns in crime. Retrieved from http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/Info.do?page=userguide/detailedguidance/casestudies/chartsandcrime/case-studies-crime.htm Questionnaire 1. Sex Male Female 2. Have you ever been a victim of crime Yes No 3. According to your observations, what has been the trend in crime rate from the year 2000 to the year 2010? (Select one option and briefly explain your answer) Increase Decrease Give a brief explanation 4. How is the safety of where you live? Poor Average Good 5. The most people involved in committing crimes are Men Women 6. The age group that is mostly involved in committing crime is between 15-20 years 18-25 25-35 20-40 7. This means that most of the people involved in committing crimes are Teenagers Youths Adults 8. What can be the major cause of the age group you chose being involved in such activities? (State and explain briefly) Lack of employment and money Idleness Hobby 9. The time at which most crimes are committed is In the morning In the evening At night 10. Why do you think, most crimes take place at the time you selected above? 11. What do you think can be done to reduce the crime rate? Increase the number of security guard Increase the number of policemen Employ technical solutions Educate the youths on dangers of committing crime Anarchy All of the above 12. Other than the solution you have given above, what other method can be employed to reduce crime? (Explain briefly) Read More