Enforcement of International Law - Annotated Bibliography Example

References Dolgopol, U. & Gardam, J.G. (2006). The Challenge of Conflict: International Law Responds. The Netherlands. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book presents the challenges being faced by the International Court of Justice (ICJ), United Nations (UN) and Security Council, and their roles as peacekeepers by resolving issues which involve disputes among member States. This is in accord with the power of these judicial bodies to fully enforce the law and impose sanctions among the members States which do not comply faithfully comply with their obligations, such as those contained in the treaty stipulations and multilateral agreements. The modern armed conflicts being faced by these law-enforcement bodies, together with the causes and prevention of conflict among states, conflict resolution and team building are given emphasis to ensure that international laws are strictly implemented. Barker, J. C. (2004). Mechanisms to Create and Support Conventions, Treaties and Other Responses. The Enforcement of International Law. Retrieved on, April 12, 2011, from < http://www.eolss.net/EolssSampleChapters/C14/E1-44-01/E1-44-01-TXT-02.aspx> This online website contains a system of collective enforcement that was designed to ensure that the member States do not need to resort to power and force to implement the laws, except in cases of extreme circumstances of self-defense. The collective enforcement system envisages the role of the UN Security Council in the maintenance of international peace and security within the international community. International Law Enforcement Law Reporter. Retrieved on, April 12, 2011, from, . This website is a source of identified and predicted trends in the legislative, administrative, and the case law development dealing with the enforcement of international law. Meaningful discussions are annotated to enable practitioners, policy makers and academics to the website are given reference tools and guidelines to the practice of international law enforcement. It contains information on international organizations and developments in international enforcement law that have not reached the treaty or case law level, such as executive decisions in training and appropriations. Kalshoven, Frits. (2007). Reflections on the War: Collected Essays. The Netherlands. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book focuses on the importance of the will of the States in determining whether existing international obligations will be respected in the development and acceptance of new customary or conventional rules of international law, which involves the interest of the member States. The process of decision making of States in question should result in the respect of international obligations and good faith on the part of the decision makers of the international community should work for the common good. Kelsen, H. (2003). Principles of International Law. New Jersey, USA: The LawBook Exchange, Inc. This book presents the international mechanisms which have assisted in the enforcement of international law, such as the power conferred upon each state of taking certain enforcement rights, which have the character of reprisals of limited interference in the sphere of interests of another state , in case certain interests of the former are violated by the latter. It presents that the States also exercise rights of enforcement of State sovereignty where in the interest of the state are threatened by aggression which results in the exercise of self-defense. Thus, international law makes these violations fall under international delicts which have corresponding penalties and sanctions to serve as a preventive measures in resolving potential conflicts. Kelsen, Hans. (2000 ). The Law of the United Nations. A Critical Analysis of its Fundamental Problems. New Jersey, USA: The LawBook Exchange, Inc. This book is essential to this research as it provides a juristic approach to the problems of the United Nations, which deals with the law of the organization, not with its actual or desired role in the international play of powers and enforcement of laws. It serves as an effective source which presents separation of law from politics through presentation of national or international problems towards the achievement of resolution of conflicts among states. It deals with legal questions and the elimination of the political issues while enforcing the international throughout the states. Malone, L.A. (2008). International Law. Emanuel Law Outlines. New York, USA: Aspen Publishers. This book presents the grave breaches enlisted in each Convention, which are recognizes as war crimes in the international law. The Convention provides for the enforcement of law among the States, and shall include the conferring jurisdiction upon an international tribunal over those grave breaches that constitute as crimes under international law in order to effective enforce the law among member states and non-member states. In this way, the State enforcement of international law complements State sovereignty and international legal mechanisms for enforcement. Malanczuk, P. and Akehurst, (1997 ).M. B. Akehurst’s Modern Introduction to International Law. New York, USA: Routledge. This book discusses the collective responsibility of the whole international community in the enforcement of laws, when a state has committed an intentionally wrongful act affecting the international community. It shall present the current status of International Law, and determine whether it remains to be a primitive legal system, due to the lack of central institutions, or has become heavily dependent on the national legal systems, or the municipal law for the implementation and enforcement of international laws. Meeusen, J., Sender, M. P. & Straetmans, G. (2004) Enforcement of International Contracts in the Europe Union. Oxford-New York: Intersentia. This book focuses on the enforcement of international contracts in the European Union. It is useful for the European and national authorities involved in the elaboration and application of European private international law relating to contracts. The analysis of Brussels I and Europe I can contribute to the coherent development of the important aspect of European judicial cooperation in civil matters and enforcement of international laws. Proukaki, E. K. (2009). The Problem of Enforcement in International Law. UK: Routledge. This book contains a critical review made by the International Law Commission, on conclusions regarding the right to third-state countermeasures, and ascertains its efficiency in law enforcement compliance set forth by the international community. It shall also properly address the current problems and conflicts being encountered by the international community in carrying-out laws among the member States and provide solutions in resolving the problems and conflicts among States. Rothwell, Donald, et. al. International Law: Cases and Materials with Australian Perspectives. NY, USA : Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print. This book discusses the problems being faced by the International Court of Justice (ICJ), as the judicial organ of the United Nations, which has the capacity to resolve international legal disputes and deliver judgments which are binding upon parties of the case. It also discusses the functions of the Security Council in the enforcement of the law and issue recommendations if a party fails to perform the obligations which are incumbent upon him. The enforcement mechanisms used in implementing international laws contained in treaties and international obligations are likewise discussed in this book. U.S. Department of State. Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs. Retrieved on April 12, 2011, from, < http://www.state.gov/p/inl/> This website contains the role of the bureaus in the Department of State, and other departments and agencies within the U.S. Government on the development of policies and programs to combat international narcotics and crime. INL programs support two of the Department's strategic goals: (1) to reduce the entry of illegal drugs into the United States; and (2) to minimize the impact of international crime on the United States and its citizens. Counternarcotics and anticrime programs also complement counterterrorism efforts, both directly and indirectly, by promoting modernization of and supporting operations by foreign criminal justice systems and law enforcement agencies charged with the counter-terrorism mission. Van Dervort, T. R. ( 1998). International Law and Organization: An Introduction. USA: Sage Publications, Inc. This book has emphasized that the right to go to war as a lawful course of action for a sovereign State, but the ultimate method of enforcement of international law. The acquisition of territory by conquest was accepted as part of traditional law. While war provided an effective method of self-help, in the absence of competent international, analogous to a domestic revolution carried on to change the laws no longer considered tolerable. The role of traditional international law made clear distinctions between the law of peace, and the law of war, as well as enforcement of laws within international jurisdiction. Read More