Information Systems and Process of Making Decision - Essay Example

INFORMATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT Student’s Name Code + Course Name Professor’s Name University Name City, State Date Table of Contents Article I.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 Article II. INTRODUCTION 4 Article III.FINDING AND ANALYSIS 6 Section III.1Database 6 Section III.2BIG DATA 7 Section III.3Decision Support Systems (DSS) 8 Section III.4Business Intelligence 9 Article IV.References 14 Figure 1 Business intelligence for process support 9 Figure 2 Integrated decision making process 11 Article I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY At the outset, the process of coming up with decision is usually governed by two distinct entities. This includes the technical approach as well as the mechanism and the organizational structure of the entire system. It is worth to begin by noting that, inclusive of the technical elements are the toolset which is applied in aid of decision creation process for instance data repositories, information systems, formal modeling and analysis of decisions. On the other hand, organizational element is composed of a relation within the companies and is inclusive of day-to-day operations. It is the organizational element that defines the decisions being made aligns with the strategy of the company. This study gives a highlight of a subset of the fundamentals joined to define an assimilated model necessary for decision making by means of database, big data, business intelligence, decision sustenance systems as well as organizational erudition. They all work collectively to give the choice maker with a dependable conception of the opportunities related to the decision. It is therefore key for this excerpt to come up with an hypothetical discussion and analysis about these features, hence providing a comprehensive analysis as at how and why they work mutually. Article II. INTRODUCTION In the rising global trend, there is great need for organizations to come up with a structured form of data entry and information such that decision can be extracted based on the gathered information. To realize this structured assessment, data has to be collected and stored, an analysis performed, and the results transformed into valuable and useful information. In collection and storage of data, a dynamic and secure database becomes very essential. Secondly, to accomplish these transformational and analytical processes, it is essential to use the available resources in a suitable environment unruffled with generalist and large repository, a core processor having proper intelligence (Business Intelligence [BI]), as well as a user-friendly edge or interface. Consequently, the database should be filled with data originating in diverse data sources both internal and external. To add on this, the repositories is more of data warehouses (generalists) as well as data marts (in consideration to a specific sector or corporation activity), and in recent times, Big Data. The Big Data idea and its requests have developed from the cumulative volumes of internal and external data from governments and organizations that are distinct from other databases in 4 major aspects that is velocity, volume, value and variety. Volume reflects the amount of data, velocity on the other hand gives a clue on speediness with which data may retrieved for analysis and processing. On the other hand variety defines kinds and data sources that can be structured, and value denotes treasured detections concealed in countless datasets[Che14]. According to Simon’s model, Big Data has possibilities to support identification of chances associated to choice in the acumen stage[Sim60]. In some instances, the database may be used to support the process of decision-making. Notably, “intelligence” denotes to information detection with algorithms that are meaningful. It is through this mode that, Big Data aligns with application tools (Business Intelligence) to convey a crafty aid for courses of governments. The informations essential to find the commercial discernments must be filtered, acquired, analyzed and stored once the accessible data are varied and in a great capacity. The practices of analysis and filtering of data is complex in nature, hence a call for essential the use BI tools and tactics. The chief proposal within this essay is actually to come up with investigation that entirely describe Big Data in relation to Database, Business Intelligence as far as the process of making of decision is concerned, and to make available to practitioners and researchers with a vision that is clear to opportunities and challenges of applying recent technologies of Database, BI among other innovative tools. The order of this essay is in relation to the assignment and the next section provides discussion for Big Data in relation to its applications, DSS, BI in line with technological concept and organization structures as at how it can be applied. Integration of Big Data, BI, structuring of decision making as well as organizational learning. Article III. FINDING AND ANALYSIS Section III.1 Database At the ancient technologies, database design as well as implementation and data admission is complicated in nature. The Administrator of database was to supervise all tasks that were oriented to database. Consequently database implementation and design included, upgrade, SQL analysis as well as installation and recommendation for presentation designers. It was the work of The Database Administrator to take responsibility recovery and back up, hence a requirement for cascaded complex utility courses that would otherwise run in a manner specified. This was consuming time and drain energy[Fos95]. Currently, Databases are actually in the integration process. With increasing demand and technology that calls for Business intelligence as well as DSS. Henceforth, data standardization, predominately carried on in large companies, is currently taking place even to small and medium-sized companies. It therefore calls for the database administrator to actually mesh the new and the old database so as to maintain three or two products of database within a single network. To add on this, Relational systems of database management include complex components and features that actually aid in logic procedures. It is therefore for the database administrator to find out the requirement of specific organizations and expand the old-style approach to management of database and administration. Notably, modern database systems of management not only enhance sharing of data, but also device sharing dagta that is common in terms of code elements. [Mul95] Section III.2 BIG DATA With an increase in data globally, “Big Data” comes in as a term that mostly is applied to describe bulky datasets. In comparison to other traditional databases, it comprises of large amount of data that is unstructured which ought to be evaluated in real time manner. Subsequently, Big Data brings in a concept of opportunities in relation to discovery of fresh standards are hidden temporarily. Even though Big Data is still in its abstract concept to most countries especially the third world countries, it stills receives great credit since it is applicable both in business and academics[Kle13]. Furthermore, it is a tool that actually supports the process of making decision, through application of recent technologies thus, data that is in large amounts is rapidly examined for different kinds of data for instance, data that is structured from relational databases as well as unstructured data which include videos, images, transaction data, emails, and social mass media relations) from sources that vary to yield a torrent of actionable information. Subsequently, after data is unruffled and kept, the biggest contest is not impartial about handling it but extraction and study of statistics with important worth for the institute. To add on this, Big Data is open source in terms of its accessibility to data that is unstructured and techniques analyzing data that are organized to resolve the problem. A term that integrates Big data into solution orientation is referred to as the 4Vs: velocity, volume, value and variety. Volume being the greatest description of Big Data since large quantities of data are produced by groups, individuals and organizations. However, data management can be well-thought-out as a trial for organizations. In decree to prove the contrast between Small Data and Big Data, analysis is based on data location, goals, data preparation, data structure and analysis. Decisively, interpersonal databases are not out-of-date, actually, they carry on to be valuable to some degree of usage. In essence, how database grows to be superior, the direct proportionality is the cost increases for labor and processing. It is therefore essential to optimize and complement innovative explanations to advance stowage as long as better flexibility is enhanced. Nevertheless, different stations along which collection of data is done daily upsurges the difficulties of formations in recognizing precise elucidation to get pertinent outcomes from the data path. In this setting, the knowledge of DSS and BI becomes necessary. Section III.3 Decision Support Systems (DSS) At the outset knowledge and information are the utmost treasured possessions for societies. The process of making decision as well as the need of intermediate for data processing into information that is encumbered with relevance and value aimed at usage in organizational developments is very vital. Information Systems (IS) signify such media. It is actually specific to the process of making decision, the DSS does analyzing, processing, visualizing, sharing of significant facts to help in the progression of information accumulation and conversion, thereby advances the structural information. DSS are IS intended to sustain resolutions for policymaking problems. To add on this, DSS are collaborative, based on computers IS that aid decision-makers exploit models, data, visualizations, solvers and the operator boundary to resolve unstructured problems or semi-structured. DSS are constructed by means of a DSS Generator (DSSG) as a component of assembling. DSS have privileges in terms of strict connection with a model that is chosen from the design phase as intelligent model, but interim with additional control in the choice stage. The key aim is to have the decision supported by defining which options to decipher the difficult are more suitable. DSS part is to deliver an interface that is friendly where the representatives can shape situations, support the decisions, simulate, visualize and obtain informations. This is a system of its kind that has basic elements in a set which, comprises of a Database as well as model base that have respective management. The rules of the business to data processing conferring a chosen exemplary (for instance the system core), as well as user friendly GUI. Model bases and data have their respective management that permit rules of business in data processing according to formulated model and potentials of problem solutions. Section III.4 Business Intelligence The process of making decisions is critically analyzed through Simon’s model that an organization instigates at intelligence point of business mode[Sim60]l. In this stage, the awareness is predetermined for the problem requiring an elucidation in the yet to come by applying structuring methods to the problem. It is at this phase, that the BI tools ought to be used to sustain the establishment’s detection of chances for policymaking by, giving forward-thinking analytics and guaranteeing data incorporation[Moh12]. Apart from the problem solving, decision occasions can be supplemented equally to the attributed benefits of BI hence bestowing scope of supporting decision. BI is defined through two different expressions: technical view point and in an all-inclusive structural decision-making tactic and. underlying, is an inclusive technologies and tools set for storage of data and taking out information detection whereas the other is customarily centered on analytics of data secondary to decision-making practices within the organizations respectively. This excerpt adopts the policy of seeing BI as a scheme is inclusive of both technical and organizational perspectives which offers info needed to achieve an exploration hence aiding generation decision-making process, decision opportunities and learning process of the organization. It is from this basic foundation that, BI conceal all the procedures intricate in mining treasured and valuable information from data mass that occurs within a archetypal organization help decision-making process. Business Intelligence Systems (BIS), combines different process involving business experts’ knowledge and IT solutions on the process of integration, business and organizational administration attained as an outcome of decision-making that is intelligent. From the process viewpoint, the focal point of BI is to relief the process of making decision and reduce the time spent on the optimal. To enhance an occurrence of this, it is essential for all sets of rudimentary components be sorted and applied. Figure 2 Integrated decision making process In line with product viewpoint, BI is IT constituent that comprises a set of fundamental components and can be applied as the core part of DSS to create analytics for administrators among other decision-makers. Subsequently, from perspective of the organization, BI is portion of a choice setting that takes in technology as well as human capabilities in edict of obtaining decisions and aligning them strategically with plan of the organization. The foremost contributions of hypothetical methodology offered here is actually an advance a viewpoint that conglomerates the process of making decision, Database, Big Data, DSS, BI and structural learning, Secondly, the notion of Big Data is attributed to mass Database provider that requires an Administrator who comprehends with recent technologies as applied BI tools and techniques. CONCLUSION This excerpt clearly promotes the assimilated vision of Database, Big Data, DSS and BI within the context of information system and process of making decision, assisting relevant authorities to be able to create chances of resolving precise problem. The crucial part is to check-out on data sources that can help create an informed management system. Additionally, Big Data among the aforementioned entities not only transmutes the processes of controlling Data knowledge but also encourages vicissitudes in learning culture of organizations. Ultimately, Big Data, BI, Database and DSS can be very valuable if well applied in information systems management. Additionally, the research has found out that, the process of coming up with decision is usually governed by two distinct entities. This includes the technical approach as well as the mechanism of the organizational structure of the entire system. It is very difficult to separate Database, Big Data, Business Intelligence and DSS as far as information systems are concerned. Article IV. References Che14: , (Chen & Mao. s, 2014), Sim60: , (Simon, 1960), Fos95: , (Fosdick, Dec. 1995), Mul95: , (Mullins, Dec 1995), Kle13: , (Klein, 2013), Moh12: , (Mohamadina, 2012), Read More