The Implication of Providing an Environmental, Sustainable Power, Energy Supply - Case Study Example

Student Name> Analyze and Discuss the Implication of providing an environmental/sustainable power/energy supply Abstract: The following passages will discuss how Thailand has made efficient use of Biomass and Bio fuel energies to get rid of the extra expenses the country had to bare because of foreign imports. Introduction: For country side Thailand Biomass has been acting as a conventional energy source. Constant augmentation, of its consumption for both the households and manufacture of contemporary energy, it has evolved into an alternative towards reducing the Bio mass energy consumption in the state. It is regardless of the fact that the Gross Domestic Product / capita were three times the original between the periods of 1980-1996. Further more looking upon the consumption of Bio Mass energy, it grew higher by 68%. It is now anticipated that it will be higher Despite the fact that the GDP/capita was triple during 1980– 1996, the biomass energy utilization amplified by 68%,and it is anticipated to grow higher , as indicated by the augmenting number of Bio mass power plants . These bio Mass Power plants are seemingly new Power plants. In the year 1992, there was a launch in regards to the financial l and legal frameworks. The aim was to amplify renewable energy in the country. Also so that Thailand would have to eventually depend lesser on imported energy. This import of energy had previously accounted for 7% of the country’s Gross Domestic product. Further the details below will encompass almost all the vital aspects of Bio mass and Bio Gas energy and its actual picture in Thailand. Keeping aside this prospect the endorsement curriculum and its triumph and failure were analyzed by the government in order to be able to put forth new recommendations in regards to Policy alternatives. Now, moving onto the agricultural residues. In Thailand in total it ranges about 61 million tons per year. Out of which we need to know that it is equivalent to almost 426 PJ of energy which is unexploited. Another very vital aspect is that Rice Husk , Bagasee , oil palm dregs and rubber wood dregs are the mot important and the most probable residues of agriculture . These genuinely, owe their accessibility at the mills , where in Heat and Power cogeneration seems viable . The resources for Bio gas are basically from industrial Wastewater. Also, live stocks composite a prospective of 7800 and 13,000 TJ/y, correspondingly. As discussed earlier , as an alternate of having legal as well as financial supporting frameworks , the achievement of Thailand in the field of bio mass energy is incredulous the Argument based upon the mechanisms along with their policies are based upon the old policies . These policies have been implemented for more than a decade now. Recommendations of new policy regarding the above can help trounce the Barrier in Thailand which has built in terms of Bio Mass energy consumption. (S. Prasertsana,*, B. Sajjakulnukit, 1) Mitigation of Co2 being a vital issue next. Co2 mitigation from the power sector of Thailand can be attained through two processes. The two processes are: Technology Substitution on the supply side, and also by attenuation of power generation in specific. This can go all the way towards the demand side option with some support. Talking about the conservative power generation in particular , the dissemination of the forecast has majorly been attentive towards the supply side of the over all picture . Nevertheless, the long terms as well as the short term supply and demand side options are considered simultaneously. The reserve development model can aid us in the process. This model is designed to help us determine the minimum cost options available. Looking onto the results of the analysis conducted, between the years of 2003 – 2017 using efficient technology for power production, can considerably reduce the CO2 production by almost an 8.4 % It is upon the introduction of basic CO2 attenuation target. That the capability and efficiency of technology side seemingly tend to increase (Tanatvanit, 1) “Main Argument “ ‘Thailand's plenitude of agricultural raw materials appropriate for adaptation to ethanol includes rice (over 60 million rai), maize (about 8 million rai), cassava and sugarcane (about 7 million rai each). In terms of efficiency, sugarcane defenses highest with production of 60 million tons, followed by rice with 26 million tons, cassava with 18 million tons and maize with 4.5 million tons. (The "rai" is a Thai unit of land area: 1 rai=1,600m2.) In expressions of raw material outlay, nevertheless, cassava and molasses are the most suitable for economical ethanol production. In Thailand Molasses, an offshoot Of the sugarcane industry, was incorporated in the ministerial study, and it is the raw material for the Porn Vilai pilot plant. But it is not at this time considered a levelheaded competitor for large-scale ethanol production. Boosted production of cassava is nominated legitimately as the most important raw material for national ethanol development as an automotive fuel. Thailand has the lead of being able to grow two - sometimes three - annual crops of cassava, depending on rainfall. Cassava's benefit is that it can be developed in otherwise barren land and requires minimal artificial inputs such as fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides. Much cassava manufacture is in Thailand's arid northeastern region, which reported total production in 2002 of some 8.79 million tons, out of a total of 16.85 million tons for the entire country. About 60 percent of Thai cassava yield is used for making various types of starch, a precious intermediary product in industry worldwide, while the remaining 40 percent is taken as chips and pellets by the food industries (human and animal). Thus ethanol production could unswervingly, more resourcefully, use in-house sugarcane, especially the low quality variety. Pricing would be on total sugar amount rather than the current Commercial Cane Sugar (CCS) assessment commonly used today.(Mogg , 45 ) Thailand and Biomass and Bio fuel Production ‘Thailand is nurturing a new-fangled proposal to produce and distribute ethanol, distilled from the country's enormous harvest of starch-rich indigenous agricultural crops for use in transportation application. The outlay of importing fossil fuels from out of the country perpetually compensated for in a hard cash such as United States dollars - has a remarkable collision on Thailand's national economy. Rising and falling car possession, fostered by an enthusiastic economy, at present consumes around 20 million litters of automotive gasoline per day. The Government affirmed a nationwide operation, two years ago, to endorse the manufacture and convention of bioethanol - ethanol from locally produced renewable agricultural raw material - as an appropriate, sustainable surrogate for gasoline and diesel fuels. Endorsement of ethanol would not only fortify the national economy, in the government's estimation, but also lend a hand to alleviate market prices of the raw materials, predominantly cassava, sugarcane and molasses. Problems A most important faltering wedge, on the other hand, is a deficiency of business enterprise finance for ethanol plant. Commercial financiers vacillate to contribute in new-fangled, as yet unverified technology in Thailand. The biomass diminutive power producer (SPP) sector is experiencing comparable complexity in discovering finance. Government may come across the fact that some kind of official endorsement, or scheme of guarantee, is enviable to get the program into paraphernalia. An up-and-coming, but insecurely prearranged and incongruent cottage industry in biodiesel production, from a assortment of waste cooking oil or coconut oil and regular diesel, also needs coordinated official sponsorship and finance. An additional immense dilemma is the existing use of the additive methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), which is requisite as an octane booster for anhydrous ethanol to produce automotive gasohol. MTBE incineration gives off noxious fumes injurious to the environment, but is essential to raise the octane level to 95 percent. Kasetsart University's Dr Klanarong Sriroth, who leads the KAPI research team, is ambivalent on assessing ethanol's opportunity of success in taking considerable market share from fossil fuels. Cost conscious production car drivers may take to it, he believes, if the price is spirited at the pump. But owners of up-market models will perhaps stay steadfast to the fossil fuels they are familiar with.’(Mogg 44-47) The use of biomass as liquid biofuels foe transportation and electricity generation would decrease dependency on imported energy: ‘Thailand, one of the Asian countries, was hit by a major economic crisis in 1997. Owing to this crisis, the Thai government has tried to endorse and augment the attentiveness of energy conservation. Since Thailand is petroleum importing country, developments in the use of native energy sources, in particular biomass energy, have taken an escalating role in energy policy in order to decrease dependence on imported fossil fuels. At present, the government faces the problem of public recognition when constructing coal-"red power plants. The power generation from biomass energy seems to be a better substitute for the government. Thailand is an agriculture based country, the wastes from the agricultural sector such as paddy husk, biogases, etc. can be utilized for electricity generation. Even though biomass has a high prospective to be utilized for energy purposes, only a diminutive portion of biomass is used in Thailand. It was in 1997 that It was anticipated that the total supply of paddy husk was 5.96 million tonne while the genuine consumption was 2.73 million tonne (DEDP, 1997) or only 46% of the total available supply. Biomass is by and large burnt in a boiler to engender steam for industrial processes thus; the biomass power generation is an improved alternative for biomass utilization. In addition, the government has encouraged industrial owners by purchasing the surplus electricity generated from biomass energy for the nationwide lattice system. Nevertheless, electricity generation from biomass is not spirited with other fossil-based plants due to its high capital cost. One of the policy measures to implement the use of biomass and to diminish CO_ emissions is carbon taxation. This policy option directly emphasizes on those fuels with high carbon content and drives the least cost model to choose the fuels with low carbon content’.( Santisirisomboon, 1) This would definitely help the country decrease their dependency on foreign imports. ‘The manufacture of Ethanol from cassava as the energy balance has been found to be positive. This means that to produce Ethanol and replacing gasoline , a very small amount of Fossil fuel is consumed .Keeping in view , the target of achieving a positive Energy balance the well to wheel GHG emissions basically of CE are comparatively low . To illustrate with an example, 0.96 kg per litre of CE used is against 2.6 kg which is co2 equivalent. . The GHG actual cost realized for CE in Thailand specifically is of us $ 99/t. If we observe closely, this definitely is at par level with various other mitigation of climate change strategies. These are the ones which are specifically categorized as options which are least cost for Thailand in specific. It is majorly observed that in the short term, lesser favorable cost efficiency of Bio Fuels has come under notice which is majorly because of the excess of fossil fuel. its costs have been distributed in various processing techniques . These processing steps are designed to aim that bio mass can be upgrade and hence can be used as high quality transport fuel. Now observing the long run we will realize that the cost of {errotone is comparatively cheaper.’ (Nguyen, 4594) ‘ Globally , it is an accepted fact now that the usage of various enlarged quantities of Fossil fuel have also while having positive effects , also have created adverse effects upon the environment around us . Acid rain and Global warming are such displays. These initial suggestions prove that these have adverse effects on the humans. Renewable energy. On the other hand this idea also has specific adverse effects. These phenomena’s also have adverse effect on the environment. On the other hand if we take renewable energy, it is considered that this renewable energy is safe, very clean, and thus very environmental friendly too. The interest in the growth and production of the renewable energy has fairly increased. Now as we see the current prices of the fossil fuel rise in the worldwide market it is now even more necessary wherein Wood and bio mass energy are vital . Another vital point to be noted here is the fact that it is sometimes considered very important to use Bio mass energy because of the fact that often the concept of deforestation tends to come up, with reference to wood fuel. This statement given above may not fall true in all circumstances. , this will only stand true in areas where the rural industries are based on wood fuel. But also recent studies have shown that that the use of wood fuel is environmental friendly. It is because of a very vital fact i.e. that is sustainable manufacture and consumption is utilized and adopted. (Sajjakulnukit 557-558 ) “The use of biomass would help Thailand reduce green house gases emission" It is true, and has been proven by studies that the use of Bio mass will eventually help Thailand reduce the Green Houses gas emissions. The government of Thailand has been working extensively on the production of Bio mass and Bio fuels. Along side it has been conducting researches both theory and market based. In order to be able to assess all benefits along with the dis advantages that come along with the production of Bio mass and Bio fuel plants and products . The energy balance scenario, attracting new customers to invest in this production are all signs that with the better and more efficient use of Bio mass and bio fuels, Thailand would be able to achieve both the objectives described above. The government of Thailand is trying its level best to make use, in fact best use of the resource they have at hand. More specifically efficiency in usage is what they are looking at. Conclusion ‘Thailand possesses enormous biomass energy future and opportunity is open. Thai government has laid a well-built foundation and infrastructures for nourishing and promoting the use of renewable energy and energy defence in particular in the form of essential legislations and hold up resources. On the other hand, regardless of quite a lot of monetary incentive, the dissemination velocity of the service of biomass energy technologies is still below par owing to institutional, policy, technical, financial and information barriers. Hard work has been completed to try to take away some barriers such as government organization reorganization aiming to look up line of commands and harmonization in the middle of organizations in the energy sector. Additional importance has been given to the endorsement of renewable energy technologies for the most part biomass energy. It is imaginary that a number of barriers have in part been implicit and some are not known at all. It is not essential that supplementary methodical and complete study approaches concerned wide-ranging contribution of stakeholders are compulsory to entirely address barrier and set up effective measures to remove them. Although energy policies adopted by the government are in the accurate route, the rate of knots of execution is slow. A lucid policy and a strapping warning sign from the government are needed to circulate information from side to side public campaign, and give confidence to argument and discuss in the middle of an assortment of stakeholders so as to put together a strong foundation and public confidence on renewable energy technologies. These policies and signals must be clear and strong enough for the private sectors to be confident and actively participate in the renewable energy projects. Restructuring and deregulation should ensure a real competitiveness in the energy market’. (Prasertsan, 2 ) Works Cited 1. S. Prasertsana,*, B. Sajjakulnukit Available online 13 September 2005 Biomass and biogas energy in Thailand: Potential, opportunity and barriers 2. Somporn Tanatvanita, Bundit Limmeechokchai, Ram M. Shrestha, Energy Policy 32 (2004) 83–90 CO2 mitigation and power generation implications of clean supply side and demand-side technologies in Thailand . 3. Richard Mogg, Bio Fuels in Asia 1471 0846/04 ©2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved RE focus May June 2004. 4. Richard Mogg, Bio Fuels in Asia 1471 0846/04 ©2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved RE focus May June 2004. 5. Jerasorn Santisirisomboon, Bundit Limmeechokchai*, Supachart Chungpaibulpatana 30 August 2000 Impacts of biomass power generation and CO_ taxation on electricity generation expansion planning and environmental emissions. Energy Policy 29 (2001) 975}985 6. Thu Lan Thi Nguyen, Shabbir H. Gheewala_, Savitri Garivait Available online 16 May 2007 Energy balance and GHG-abatement cost of cassava utilization for fuel ethanol in Thailand, Energy Policy 35 (2007) 4585–4596 7. Boonrod Sajjakulnukit∗, Prasert Verapong Sustainable biomass production for energy in Thailand. . Received 5 July 2002; received in revised form 5 May 2003; accepted 12 May 2003 8. S. Prasertsan, B. Sajjakulnukit / Renewable Energy 31 (2006) 599–610Biomass and biogas energy in Thailand: Potential, opportunity and barriers. Read More