Computerized Numeric Control - Assignment Example

Computerized Numeric Control Student’s Name: Institutional Affiliation: Computerized Numeric Control Executives Summary Okuma America Corporation is the U.S based sales and service affiliate of Okuma Corporation, which is the world's leader in CNC tools that was originally founded in Nagoya, Japan in the year 1898. Okuma America Corporation is the only single source provider for the industry with the CNC machines, encoders. Drive, spindle, motors and CNC controls, among others; all these are machines manufactured by Okuma. The company has the reliable and innovative technology for CNC machining coupled with comprehensive, localized service protection, which allows users to run the machine confidently and continuously to maximize profits. Together with it's an industry leading distribution network which is the largest in the Americas, the company ensures quality, efficiency, and productivity. With this, customers will be empowered to enable the company to have a competitive advantage in the current demanding manufacturing environment. CNC machines are for a long time been known as a manufacturer of CNC lathes. The product line includes double column machining centers, multitasking CNC machines, Horizontal machining centers, vertical machining centers, grinders, wheel machines, and 5-axia CNC Machines. All these machines are made to perfection, and they deliver high throughput, accuracy and reliability. Okuma was the first CNC machine tool manufacturer to provide to the market a truly open architecture CNC control. The products are made with control and software products that ensure accuracy, reliability, and speed. The company offers metal cutting solution to many industries with its advanced metal cutting technology. The company's products are well suited for markets having demanding CNC machining specifications. The company makes its sales to manufacturers its distributors[Ano13]. The focus for distribution has existed for many years and leading to the widest independently owned network in America. The company is the only CNC machine manufacturer offering comprehensive Okuma Care service. The company is equipped with resource experts who are constantly available. Okuma is the one stop shop for all customized service requirements. It offers a true line of care and support to customers[Mor14]. History of CNC Okuma Corporations was founded in 1898 in Nagoya, Japan by Eiichi Okuma. The first products pf the company was noodle machines, and then it evolved to cigarette rolling machines and later CNC machines in the early 1900s. In America, Okuma began its operations in 1984 on long Island in New York. It later moved to its present facility in Charlotte in North Carolina in 1987. Currently, the location is its sales and service headquarters for the Americas. Okuma is famous for its engineering product innovations for CNC machining. With this, it creates breakthroughs in reliability and efficiently. Having been founded in 1898, as the Okuma Noodle Machine Co, the founder was focusing on making udon effectively. Lathes were being used to make sticks which played a critical role in cutting the udon noodle. In those days, the lathes used were of poor precision. This is the reason as to why Okuma was convinced to come up with machine making tools. Eiichi later introduced Okuma Machinery Works Ltd in 1918 and the sales of OS lathe started. The company has a machine building history of more than 100 years and in the early days of the company; lathes were the main product category[Gav15]. Many CNC machine tools are included in the line. To date, the lane includes many CNC machine tools including mills/machining centers, lathes, multitasking/turn-mill machines, and grinding machines. Parts are mostly sourced from Mitsubishi Electric, Siemens, Fanuc, and Heidenhain. Just like other machine builders, Okuma is an unusual machine builder because of its designs and how it builds its hardware, software, and machine components. Laboratory Session General Instructions 1- Every student must come must come with closed shoes to the laboratory. Students must not come to the laboratory wearing garments with parts hanging loosely. Have sleeved shirts are recommended for the students and the floor around the machine should be clean and dry[Mor14]. 2- The students should take permission of the lab staff/tutor before handling any machine. 3- There should be no leaning on the machine while working. 4- Power to the machine to be put off 10 minutes before the end of the session. This will give the students humble time to return the tools. 5- All chips should be cleared off the machine, and the machines lubricated at the end of the session. 6- All reports to be submitted on A4 size sheets. General Information CNC- Computer Numeric Controlled - these are machines that use computer to electronically control the motion of one or more axes on the machine. An example of such machines may be a mill, lathe or drill press. Software programs are used by CNC machines to give instructions required to control the axis, tool changes, and spindles speeds among others. Multiple axes of the motion are allowed by CNC machines simultaneously, leading to a 3D or 2D contouring ability. Quality control and productivity are increased when multiple parts can be produced using the same program and tooling. CNC manufacturing is advantageous on two different types of parts: mass produced simple parts; and complex parts that require multiple axes of simultaneous motion[Mor14]. Laboratory Exercise CNC Lathe 1- X and Z coordinates for programming finished parts should be given Coordinates of the Point Point X Y Point X Y 0 6 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 5 11 2- Give the program Program Explanation N1 (class………………………………) N2 ( N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 N11 N12 Turning Operations This is a form of machining considered a material removal process used to create rotational parts by eliminating unwanted materials. The whole process of turning requires a turning machine or a lathe, fixture of workpiece and cutting tool. A workpiece is a pre-shaped material piece secured to the fixture. It is attached to the turning machine and rotates at a high speed. The cutter is a single point cutting tool also secured in the machine, although some utilize multipoint tools. Cutting tool feeds into the rotating workpiece and cuts away materials in a form of tiny chips to come up with shapes that are desired[Yus15]. Turning is used to make rotational, typically axis-systematic part with many features like holes, threads, grooves, tapers, various diameter steps and countered surfaces. Completely fabricated parts through turning include components used in small/limited quantities, may be to prototype like fasteners or custom designed shapes. Turning can also be used as a secondary process to add or refine features that had been made using different processes. Because of surface finishes and high tolerance, turning is ideal for adding precision rotational features to a section that has its basic shape formed already[Mor14]. Basic Functionality CNC system is currently widely used a microprocessor, and many functions can be achieved through software, and it has a variety of series and difference performance. The system includes basic functions and selecting functions. Basic functions are essential functions of the control system of CNC. The select function is the function for users to select depending on the characteristics and the uses of the machine[Gav15]. The system is reflected in the G command and M command. Different grades are used depending on the type of CNC machine, and the systems are very different. Below are the main functions: Control functions: CNC can control the number of axes, and this is its main performance. There are control axes, movement and rotary axes and other basic and additional axis. Interpolation function: the system of CNC can be attained via software interpolation tool trajectory control. Spindle function: this is used to specify the function of the spindle speed. Auxiliary function: this is used with specified spindle Kai, stop and steering, the closing and opening of cutting fluid, the stop and start of the magazine, M command code, General volume control switch[Ano13]. Tool function: the tool function is used to select the desired tool. It is led by the address operator T, followed by two or four digits. Self-diagnoses function: this is used to prevent the occurrence of failure or in the case of failure, it can locate the type of failure and location of the fault. Communication function: there is an RS22C communication interface used to facilitate and adapt the flexible manufacturing system and the demand for computer integrated manufacturing system. Machine Uses Today, CNC machines are found in almost all industries ranging from small to large scale. There is no any facet manufacturing not touched by the automated CNC machining center. In any manufacturing plant, people know the benefits and importance of CNC machining. Here are some of the industries where CNC machining centers are used: Metal Removal Applications: CNC machines are used in industries where metal removal is required. Excess metals are removed from raw materials to create complex parts. An example is in the automotive industry where the gear shift is perfectly curved from the raw materials[Gav15]. Metal Fabrication Industry - plates are required for different purposes in many industries. Therefore, CNC machines are used for many operations such as flame and plasma cutting. CNC laser of plasma cutters is used for shaping metals while CNC turret is used for punching holes. It can also undertake other operations like bending metal plates[Ano13]. Electrical Discharge Machining Application: this application removes metals from raw materials by producing sparks which burn away the excess metal. Electrical Discharge Machining together with CNC automation is used in two different ways: through wire EDM ad second through vertical EDM. Wire EDM is used to punch and then die combinations for making die sets used in the fabrication industry. CNC automated Vertical EDM needs an electrode in the same size and shape as the cavity that needs to be carved out[Mor14]. Machine Axes Axes Machining is a manufacturing process where computers numerically controlled tools that move in more ways are used to manufacture parts from metals and other materials. The whole process is done by milling away materials that are excess with the use of water jet cutting or by lesser cutting. CNC supports translation in 3 axes, and they also support rotation in one or multiple axes. There are several computer aided manufacturing software systems that support multiaxis machining. Machine axis reduces costs of labor, better surface finish and manufacturing of more complex parts[Gav15]. Tool Changing Automatic tool changer (ATC) is used in CNC machine tools improve tools carrying capacity and production capacity of the machine. The tools are changed very quickly by ATC reducing the non-productive time. In general, ATC is used to improve the capacity of the machine to work many tools and to change broken and worn out tools. It is only a step away from complete automation[Ano13]. Tool Offset A lot of accurate tool data is needed for CNC. Tool data means length and diameter information that is of much importance to any CNC machine. The machine controller should know very well the length of the tool relative to some gage line and it is always very nice to know what the diameter of the tool is because tools may fall within a particular tolerance which may interfere with the accuracy of the parts[Yus15]. There are many ways of managing this data ranging from JIT methods to elaborate methods involving pre-setters, potentially even tool management software, tool setters on the machine. There will be a crash if a tool is an inch longer than what the controller thinks. References Ano13: , (Anomah & Agyabeng, 2013), Mor14: , (Morgan, Moruzzi, Allanson, & Chen, 2014), Gav15: , (Gavrilov & Sosnin, 2015), Yus15: , (Yusof & Latif, 2015), Read More