A Global Link between National Diversity Policies by Healy and Oikelome - Article Example

Critical review of “A global link between national diversity policies? The case of the migration of Nigerian physicians to the UK and USA” Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Brief description of the paper that is being evaluated: 3 Theory and Literature 4 Research Approach 6 Researchers’ Findings and Conclusions 8 Implications for individuals involved in cross-cultural management 9 Reference list 11 Introduction In the current study, the researcher is going to contrast the areas of global linking policies with various national diversity policies. The journal suggested certain migration policies that encouraged Nigerian physicians to travel and attend UK and USA based care services. This study will be outlining an in depth analysis of diversity management that is promoted in international segment. In addition, it is observed that the multinational enterprises are using universal capital from different sources. Global diversity is versatile in nature and the study will be aimed to outline all the segments (Adam et al. 2011). Brief description of the paper that is being evaluated: In the paper, researchers named Healy and Oikelome stated diversity in management of global relation. This journal represented the migration factors in the African contents. Researchers outlined Nigerian migration scenario to provide substances of their point of view. Mainly the research journal investigated on the migration of many doctors of Nigeria to UK and USA (Bagilhole, 2010). The article or paper developed diversity management based on global sector. Diversity policies are used on the basis of medical immigration. Empirical researchers expressed certain significance on global diversity policies. African countries are facing challenge of migration or immigration. Moreover, ethnic conflicts are changing the scenario of the migration. Migrating policies and decision making is including global diversity management and analysis of the conditions (Williams, 2012). Migration impacted national economy and cultural aspects in terms of increased or decreased number of professionals. Global diversity affecting macroeconomic environmental analysis will make certain aspects of diversity. Countries have transnational process and procedure is outlined in the paper. Key theme of the article is international diversity management policies of the countries like the UK and USA. On the contrary, the researcher has adopted critical approach to contrast the migration aspects of Nigeria. Various insights are provided in this empirical journal to increase understanding regarding the concept of diversity actions in national and international aspect (Cachia and Johansson, 2008). Theory and Literature Theory of migration Researchers Healy and Oikelome have used different theories on the migration and international diversity to cite proper link of concept and statistics. Literature part has reviewed many theories on global migration concept critically to enrich the quality of study. They have used certain set of theories that are concentrated on individual migration decision-making where the role of individual will be having different traits of migrating. Migration of the people will be facing the challenge of various costs. Researchers are contrasting advantages of migration for any individuals (Cadier and Mar-Molinero, 2012). Migration and diversity related theories aids management to highlight some areas of changes. “Push and pull factors” are identified in migrating policies that outlined cross cultural aspects of care service provisions as well as economic restructure issues. The concept of pull factors mainly outlines certain legislations that are related to migration and immigration (Healy and Oikelome, 2007). It is observed that people migrates for getting more compensation or wages for the service they are providing. In the developed countries like the UK and USA, quality of care service matters a lot. Therefore, opportunity of learning and development is huge with the help of extensive training programs. Workplace environment in the developed countries is more helpful for the employees along with empowerment. However, migration is making healthcare industry management process more critical. Social attributes of the UK and USA faced certain complexity as cross cultural barriers are faced by the employees (Iredale, 2011). African people observed social degradation and racism related issues in the developed countries. Career prospects in the developed countries are vast along with the increasing professional opportunities for the health care service providers. Health care professional communities of the UK and USA are developing certain standards for the migrants. In the current study, the source country is mainly Nigeria. Migration policies require support and guidance from the country to set up policies. Migration related theories are used by researchers to create contrasting support on economic resistance creation (Lane and Tribe, 2006). Countries are required to maintain proper balance among the socio-cultural factors and economic factors. Diversity management Migration will be requiring sound HRM policies. Therefore, diversity management theory helped the researcher in obtaining particular idea on the migrating people. People can be differentiated on the basis of various demographic aspects like age, sex, background, and knowledge base of them. Researched literatures also outlined certain challenging factors that are faced by the doctors or care professionals in Africa (OHiggins, 2015). Diversity also depends on the ethnicity of migrants in different countries. Reformation of the community is one of the major tools for obtaining best possible migrating factors. Care and public service experts must have the knowledge regarding ethnic diversity in the locality. Ethnic diversity will increase the potential success of the organisation. African nations are facing lower ethnic diversity along with that they are having lower potential of professional growth (Samers, 2010). Global medical migration Global medical migration reported dynamism, which increased due to the migration. Health and care service employees are moving to the European and USA countries from the African and Asian countries. Medical migration reported that the African or under developed countries are facing the scarcity of the growth potentiality. Healthcare workers and doctors are coming out of Africa for achieving career growth in the developed countries. African countries health care industries reduced the efficiency among the workplace culture. Skills of the employees reduced due to the mechanism of professional development. Moreover, African countries are having lower compatibility on behalf of technology in the training and development of the doctors (Singal, 2014). Research Approach In the current research, critical contrasting of journal named “A global link between national diversity policies? The case of the migration of Nigerian physicians to the UK and USA” has been done. Therefore, current study will be using case study approach and secondary research approach. Case study approach With the help of current journal article, the researcher will be able to increase conceptual set up. The researcher will be able to develop proper understanding of diversity policies in different nations especially in the areas of the UK, USA and Africa. Moreover, case study methodology helped researcher in obtaining various cross cultural challenges. International immigration and migration related diversity is outlined by the empirical researchers Healy and Oikelome. In the current research, researchers made critical evaluation of the empirical study as well as self analytical methods. This method increased the quality of critical outlining of study topic. Understanding of immigration and migration related factors got more vulnerability and dimensions on behalf of the researcher (Sirriyeh, 2006). Various migration and international diversity related theories have been critically analysed to create and contrast relationship. Literatures will be used as the key secondary research tools for current research on global diversity. Various migration and immigration policies are selected by the researchers in stating the topic very well. They have used various international and national journal and article sources in order to state proper evidence (Tlili, 2007). Along with the case study or journal article developed by Healy and Oikelome, the researchers used certain other journals in terms of adding up more quality in critical evaluation. Different government articles and journals of Nigeria, publications of “Department of Health of Nigeria, UK and USA” are investigated for the year 2005 to 2008. World Health Organisation published many articles on immigration and international diversity policies of the UK, USA and Nigeria or other African countries are outlined. Moreover, researcher used interview process on the doctors who shifted to the UK and USA from African countries (Vertovec, 2010). Secondary data method Critical review of the journal article investigated the limitations of global migration policies. Survey and case study analysis will provide certain evidence on the migration policies. Key areas of theoretical and analytical contrast can be established with the help of secondary research method. On the contrary, researcher or learner can be able to obtain certain qualitative and feasible ideas on migration and global diversity management (Williams, 2009). Secondary data will shed or highlight on the areas of global diversity initiatives in a more qualitative manner. On the other hand, secondary data was collected from various books, journals, empirical researches and many other web based journals and blogs. Healy and Oikelome used the journal articles of World Health Organisation on migration policies and facts and figures related to the doctors migration to the developed countries, UK and USA. Again researchers used the United Nation’s report of “National Expert Group” that increased “Managing Diversity”. Mainly, the African and Nigerian publication is used. British Medical Association helped the researcher to gain certain ideas and data on the diversity and migration statistics. Secondary data provided the researchers Healy and Oikelome with feasible information on migration and immigration facts (Iredale, 2011). Researchers’ Findings and Conclusions The journal article outlined various areas regarding global diversity. Healy and Oikelome provided higher insight on diversity management process of countries like the UK, USA and many other African countries. African countries are relatively underdeveloped. Therefore, macro policies of home countries are creating conflict among the destination countries. The researchers have mentioned feasible management policies and theories that will aid them in citing the fact of the organisational polices in a more extensive manner. Researchers of the journal stated sound knowledge regarding diversity management. Migration of doctors and other care service providers will be depending on the different diversity policies of the UK, USA and African countries (Lane and Tribe, 2006). From the study it can be deduced that, UK is having nearly 164 physicians available for every 100,000 of British people. Total numbers of UK doctors are 117,036. On the contrary, USA is having 276 physicians for each 100,000 American peoples. Total of 800,000 doctors have been working in the USA (Healy and Oikelome, 2007). Africa is having 13 doctors for 100,000 people living area. They are having 82,949 total numbers of doctors and nearly 5,500 doctors are serving the US and UK area. Nigeria on the other hand has 27 physicians for every 100,000 Nigerian people. In addition, they are having more than 41,935 doctors in the country. However, 2,158 Nigerian doctors are serving in the US and UK region to boost up their professional and career growth and career growth (Healy and Oikelome, 2007). Medical migration of Africa to USA is increasing because of complexity in social factors. Legal and political instability also played crucial role in the migration action of the African or Nigerian doctors. On the contrary, economic situation in Africa is quite instable as they have reported lower economic potentials among the clients. Social networks are providing certain affects on the migration policies of any country. Doctors are exchanging the opinions through social networks and offer their opinion on potential change of the benefits in building career and getting feasible compensation (Iredale, 2011). Implications for individuals involved in cross-cultural management Cross-cultural management will involve in promoting benefits to the migrants. Nigerian doctors are looking forward to utilise the opportunities available in the UK and USA region for their personal and professional development. British and American cross-cultural agents need to mitigate the challenges of racism and cultural gaps. This can be done with the help of interlinking migrants, local peoples and authorities with each other. Migration can be effective with the help of economic support and making the allocation of various factors. Care service occupation must be developed by giving proper training and development (Lane and Tribe, 2006). Healthcare and medical guidelines of the UK and USA must be disseminated among the migrant physicians. This policy will reduce some of the problems that are faced by majority of migrant candidates. Exchange and sharing of experience and knowledge of the employees will increase feasibility of the service process. Collaborative working will increase the cross-cultural management. Nigerian institutions of health care system along with the US and UK based organisations will increase cross-cultural management of migration (OHiggins, 2015). 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