The Skeletal or Osteological Components - Assignment Example

Skeletal Report Author’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Course Details: Institutional Affiliation: Date of Submission: Introduction The skeletal elements include both the cranial, dental and the post cranial remains. The skeletal elements represented range from: Skull, teeth, long bones, pelvic bones, vertebral parts, metatarsals and metacarpals (Buikstra & Ubelaker 1994, p. 44). Analysis The skeletal components included Skull, teeth, long bones, pelvic bones, vertebral parts, metatarsals and metacarpals. The skeletal components provided a basis of establishing the stature, sex as well as the race of the individual (Bass 1995, p. 2). Skull The skull contains various bones. The arrangement of the bones is based on the various sutures that exist in the skull. In this individual, not all the bones of the skull were present and this could be attributed to the postmortem breakages. The skull was composed of the right (parietal, maxilla, nasal, zygomatic, mandible and orbit). The left (parietal, nasal, zygomatic, mandible, frontal, occipital and ethmoid) bones were also present. In the skull the following were absent: the hyoid, thyroid, lacrimal, palatinetemporal temporal bones (Bass 1995, p. 2). bone right left bone parietal present present frontal present temporal absent absent occipital present maxilla present absent sphenoid absent nasal present present vormer absent zygomatic present present ethmoid present lacrimal absent absent hyoid absent palatine absent absent cricoid absent mandible present present thyroid absent orbit present absent Teeth On the upper right jaw, the individual has 1 incisor, 2 premolars and 3 molars. On the left upper jaw, the individual has only three canines present. On the lower right jaw, the individual has 2 canines and 3 molars. However, on the lower left jaw has got 2 canines, 1 premolar and two molars (Mincer, Harris & Berryman 1993, p.380). Upper right 1-incisors c 5-premolars 2 6-molar 1 7-molar 2 8-molars 3 Upper left 3-cannine Lower right 3-canine 4-canine 1 6-molar 1 7-molar 2 8-molar 3 Lower left 3-canine 4-canine 1 5-premolar 2 6-molar 1 7-molar 2 The long bones which include the femur, humerus, radius, ulna , tibia and fibula. The right and left humerus were present. The right humerus lacked the head and neck whereas the left one lacked the neck and head. Both the right and the left radius and ulna lacked the styloid process. The remains of the right femur were composed of the head and neck whereas the left femur had the head, neck, middle 1/3 of the shaft and the distal end with the epicondyles. The right tibia contained the head, ½ of the proximal 1/3 of the shaft, middle 1/3 till the distal 1/3 of tibias shaft. The left tibia on the other hand was almost complete apart from the maleolus which was fractured (Bass 1995, p. 2) Right bone Prox.J.s P 1/3 M 1/3 D 1/3 D.ist. J.s humerus absent present present present present radius present present present present absent ulna present present present present absent femur present absent absent absent absent tibia present 1/2 present present absent fibula absent present present present absent Left bone Prox.J.s P 1/3 M 1/3 D 1/3 Dist. J.s humerus absent present present present present radius present present present present absent ulna present present present present absent femur present absent present absent present tibia present present present present fractures fibula present present present present absent The pelvic bones All the pelvic bones were present ranging from ilium, ischium and pubic bones. However, only 25% of the right ilium , ischium and pubic bones were present. In addition, 75 % of the left ilium and ischium were present with 25% of the left pubis still intact. Right bone >75% 50-75 50-25 75 pubis 75 patela 75 50-75 50-25 Read More